04/30/2025-05/07/2025 Malicious Go Modules, SonicWall Flaws, Critical Langflow RCE Flaw And More

1. Malicious Go Modules Deliver Disk-Wiping Linux Malware in Advanced Supply Chain 

Cybersecurity researchers have uncovered three malicious Go modules—prototransform, go-mcp, and tlsproxy—containing obfuscated code that downloads destructive payloads designed to wipe Linux systems. Once executed, the payload uses wget to fetch a shell script that irreversibly overwrites the primary disk (/dev/sda), rendering the machine unbootable.

This attack permanently cripples systems and exemplifies the severe risk of supply-chain compromises. Additional threats include malicious npm and PyPI packages targeting cryptocurrency wallets and developer environments. Packages like crypto-encrypt-ts, herewalletbot, and others steal sensitive data, such as seed phrases and private keys.

A separate set of PyPI packages, including coffin-codes-net and cfc-bsb, used Gmail SMTP and WebSockets to exfiltrate data and enable remote command execution.
Experts urge developers to vet package publishers, monitor unusual outbound traffic, and avoid trusting packages solely based on their longevity.

2. CISA Flags Two SonicWall Flaws As Actively Exploited

CISA has added two actively exploited SonicWall vulnerabilities—CVE-2023-44221 and CVE-2024-38475—to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, following the release of proof-of-concept exploit code. The vulnerabilities in question are listed below: – CVE-2023-44221 (CVSS score: 7.2) – Improper neutralization of special elements in the SMA100 SSL-VPN management interface allows a remote authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to inject arbitrary commands as a ‘nobody’ user, potentially leading to OS Command Injection Vulnerability

• CVE-2024-38475 (CVSS score: 9.8) – Improper escaping of output in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows an attacker to map URLs to file system locations that are permitted to be served by the server.

The flaws affect SonicWall SMA remote access devices, enabling remote command injection and path mapping, with one providing admin-level access via an Apache HTTP Server bug. Patches have been available since late 2023 and 2024; systems running version 10.2.1.14-75sv or later are secure. CISA has ordered federal agencies to patch by May 22, 2025. Experts urge immediate patching of all vulnerable SMA 100 series devices to prevent exploitation.

3. Critical Langflow RCE Flaw Exploited to Hack AI App Servers

CISA has warned of active exploitation of a critical remote code execution (RCE) flaw in Langflow, tracked as CVE-2025-3248. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute code via the /api/v1/validate/code endpoint on exposed servers. Langflow, a popular open-source tool for building AI workflows with LangChain, fails to properly sanitize user-submitted code in affected versions.

Version 1.3.0, released April 1, 2025, fixes the issue by adding authentication to the vulnerable endpoint. Users are urged to upgrade immediately, preferably to the latest version 1.4.0. Horizon3 researchers, who published a proof-of-concept, found over 500 exposed instances online and warn of poor security design in Langflow.

CISA has mandated federal agencies to update or mitigate the flaw by May 26. Those unable to upgrade should restrict network access using firewalls or VPNs. No ransomware activity has been confirmed, but exploitation is ongoing, and immediate action is advised.

4. Commvault Confirms Hackers Exploited CVE-2025-3928 as Zero-Day in Azure Breach

Commvault has disclosed a breach of its Microsoft Azure environment by a suspected nation-state actor exploiting CVE-2025-3928, a zero-day vulnerability. The company, alerted by Microsoft on February 20, 2025, emphasized there is no evidence of unauthorized access to customer backup data or disruption to its operations.

The attack affected a small number of mutual customers with Microsoft. Commvault responded by rotating credentials and enhancing security measures. CISA has since added CVE-2025-3928 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, requiring federal agencies to patch Commvault Web Server by May 19, 2025.

To mitigate risk, customers are urged to enforce Conditional Access policies on Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, and Azure AD apps, rotate secrets every 90 days, and monitor sign-in activity. Commvault also advises blocking and monitoring the following IPs linked to the attack: 108.69.148.100, 128.92.80.210, 184.153.42.129, 108.6.189.53, and 159.242.42.20.

04/23/2025-04/30/2025 Broadcom Fabric OS, CommVault Flaws, New Critical SAP NetWeaver Flaw,Rack::Static Vulnerability And More

1. CISA Tags Broadcom Fabric OS, CommVault Flaws as Exploited in Attacks

CISA has added three actively exploited vulnerabilities to its KEV catalog, affecting Broadcom Brocade Fabric OS, Commvault web servers, and Qualitia Active! Mail clients. CVE-2025-1976 impacts Broadcom Brocade Fabric OS versions 9.1.0–9.1.1d6. Though admin access is required, attackers have exploited it to execute arbitrary commands or modify the OS. The issue is fixed in version 9.1.1d7, and the 9.2.0 branch is unaffected. CVE-2025-3928 targets Commvault’s backup web servers, allowing authenticated remote attackers to deploy webshells. Despite authentication requirements, it is being exploited. Fixes are available for Windows and Linux. CVE-2025-42599 affects all versions of Active! Mail up to BuildInfo 6.60.05008561. The stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been exploited, causing outages among Japanese SMBs and ISPs. It is patched in BuildInfo 6.60.06008562. CISA has set patch deadlines of May 17, 2025, for CVE-2025-3928 and May 19 for the others.

2. New Critical SAP NetWeaver Flaw Exploited to Drop Web Shell, Brute Ratel Framework

Threat actors are exploiting a new vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver (now tracked as CVE-2025-31324) to upload JSP web shells for unauthorized file uploads, remote code execution, and persistent access. The flaw resides in the /developmentserver/metadatauploader endpoint and allows unauthenticated file uploads. ReliaQuest initially suspected a remote file inclusion issue but confirmed it’s an unrestricted file upload vulnerability. Threat actors have been observed using Brute Ratel C4 and Heaven’s Gate techniques, possibly as part of initial access brokerage. Attacks date back to March 27, 2025, mainly targeting manufacturing firms. The shells allow system-level access with adm privileges. SAP has released a patch addressing the flaw. Onapsis and ProjectDiscovery have provided tools to detect and scan for this vulnerability and related indicators of compromise. Shadowserver reports 427 exposed systems, with most located in the U.S., India, and Australia. Not all SAP NetWeaver systems are vulnerable, as exposure depends on the metadata uploader being enabled.

3. Researchers Identify Rack::Static Vulnerability Enabling Data Breaches in Ruby Servers

Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed three vulnerabilities in the Rack Ruby web server interface that could allow attackers to access files, inject malicious data, and tamper with logs. The flaws, identified by OPSWAT, include:

• CVE-2025-27610 (CVSS 7.5): A path traversal vulnerability that allows access to files outside the intended directory, potentially exposing sensitive data.
• CVE-2025-27111 & CVE-2025-25184 (CVSS 6.9 & 5.7): Log injection vulnerabilities that enable manipulation of log entries and insertion of malicious data.

The issues stem from how Rack::Static handles user-supplied paths. If the :root parameter is undefined or misconfigured, an attacker could access confidential files
Users are advised to update or properly configure :root.

Separately, a critical flaw (CVE-2025-43928, CVSS 9.8) in Infodraw Media Relay Service allows unauthenticated users to read or delete arbitrary files via path traversal in the login page. No patch is available; affected systems in Belgium and Luxembourg have been taken offline as a precaution.

4. JPCERT Warns of DslogdRAT Malware Deployed in Ivanti Connect Secure

Researchers have identified new malware, DslogdRAT, deployed after exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in Ivanti Connect Secure (ICS). The flaw, CVE-2025-0282 (CVSS 9.0), is a stack-based buffer overflow affecting Ivanti Connect Secure versions before 22.7R2.5, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.2, and Ivanti Neurons for ZTA before 22.7R2.3. Attackers can exploit the flaw for remote code execution or privilege escalation.

In December 2024, attackers exploited this vulnerability to deploy DslogdRAT via a Perl-based CGI web shell, which executed arbitrary commands if a specific cookie value matched. DslogdRAT then communicated with a C2 server using XOR-encoded data. It operates between 8 AM and 8 PM to avoid detection, supports proxy functions, file uploads/downloads, and command execution.

Additionally, another malware, SPAWNSNARE, was detected in the same compromised systems. CISA and Google previously reported SPAWNSNARE in April 2025.

04/16/2025-04/23/2025 GCP Cloud Composer Bug, Critical Erlang/OTP SSH RCE Bug, Ripple’s xrpl.js npm Package.

1. GCP Cloud Composer Bug Let Attackers Elevate Access via Malicious PyPI Packages

Cybersecurity researchers revealed a now-patched vulnerability in Google Cloud Platform’s Cloud Composer, a workflow service based on Apache Airflow. Dubbed ConfusedComposer, the flaw could have let attackers with edit permissions escalate access to the powerful Cloud Build service account, enabling them to access sensitive GCP services like Cloud Storage and Artifact Registry. Tenable, which discovered the issue, described it as a variant of a previous GCP flaw called ConfusedFunction. The vulnerability stemmed from Cloud Composer’s ability to install custom PyPI packages, which attackers could abuse to execute malicious scripts and gain elevated privileges.

Google patched the flaw on April 13, 2025, switching Cloud Composer to use its environment-specific service account for package installations.
The disclosure comes amid a wave of cloud vulnerabilities, including an Azure SQL Server flaw that could trigger data loss, a Microsoft Entra ID bug that allowed privilege abuse, and AWS EC2 attacks exploiting SSRF vulnerabilities to access sensitive metadata.

2. Critical Erlang/OTP SSH RCE Bug

A critical vulnerability in Erlang/OTP’s SSH implementation (CVE-2025-32433) now has public exploits, enabling unauthenticated remote code execution. The flaw stems from improper handling of SSH protocol messages before authentication.Patched in versions 25.3.2.10 and 26.2.4, the bug poses a serious risk to devices using Erlang/OTP in telecom, database, and high-availability systems—many of which may not be updated quickly.

Exploits were confirmed by researchers from the Zero Day Initiative and Horizon3, who found the vulnerability easy to weaponize. Public proof-of-concept (PoC) code has been shared on GitHub and Pastebin, raising the risk of widespread attacks. Security experts warn that threat actors may begin scanning for vulnerable systems soon, especially in critical infrastructure. While over 600,000 IPs run Erlang/OTP, most appear to use CouchDB, which is not affected. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

3. SonicWall SMA VPN Devices Targeted in Attacks

A remote code execution flaw in SonicWall Secure Mobile Access (SMA) devices (CVE-2021-20035) has been actively exploited since January 2025. The vulnerability, originally patched in 2021 and initially classified as a denial-of-service risk, has now been reclassified as high severity with confirmed remote code execution potential.

The flaw affects SMA 200, 210, 400, 410, and 500v devices. It allows low-privileged attackers to inject commands via the SMA100 management interface, potentially leading to full compromise. SonicWall updated its advisory, and CISA has added the bug to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, requiring federal agencies to secure systems by May 7.

Attackers used default credentials (e. g., “password” for a super admin account) and targeted VPN credentials on exposed SMA 100 appliances. Defenders are urged to patch immediately, limit VPN access, disable unused accounts, enable MFA, and reset local passwords to prevent further compromise.

4. Ripple’s xrpl.js npm Package Backdoored to Steal Private Keys in Major Supply Chain Attack

The popular Ripple cryptocurrency library xrpl.js was compromised in a supply chain attack aimed at stealing users’ private keys. The malicious code affected versions 4.2.1 to 4.2.4 and 2.14.2, but has been patched in versions 4.2.5 and 2.14.3.
The attacker, using a compromised npm account under the name “mukulljangid”, added a function named checkValidityOfSeed that exfiltrated keys to an external domain. The account likely belonged to a Ripple employee, suggesting the npm access token was stolen.

xrpl.js is a widely used JavaScript API for interacting with the XRP Ledger, downloaded over 2.9 million times with 135,000+ weekly downloads. The associated GitHub repository remains unaffected.

Security researchers believe the attacker released several versions quickly to evade detection. Users are urged to immediately update to versions 4.2.5 or 2.14.3 to secure their applications. The XRP Ledger itself was not impacted by the attack.